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This study explores the safety of e-cigarettes and nicotine patches for helping pregnant women quit smoking in England and Scotland. The authors concluded that regular use by pregnant smokers was not associated with adverse outcomes.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.16422
Safety of e-cigarettes and nicotine patches as stop-smoking aids in pregnancy: Secondary analysis of the Pregnancy Trial of E-c